Laws supplementing the Iraqi Constitution: A comparative study between the 1970 Constitution and the 2005 Constitution

Abstract

The constitutional document constitutes the main origin of the constitutional law in countries with written constitutions, but it is not the just origin of these laws. Sometimes there are points of a constitutional nature that are not included in the constitutional document, but sooner are included in ordinary laws provided by parliament called laws supplementing the constitution, which are a group of laws supplied by the congress, whether on its personal enterprise or by assignment from the constitutional legislator, and connected to the organization of public authorities in the state, their powers and how they exercise their function, that is, they relate to legitimate topics in essence. The research aims to make a comparison between the Iraqi Constitution of 1970 and the Constitution of 2005, in terms of the laws supplementing these two constitutions. The study examines the concept of supplementary laws, the procedures for issuing them, and the areas they cover, and compares the procedures followed in both constitutions. The main objective is to understand the development of the concept of supplementary laws in Iraq and their role in strengthening the democratic system and protecting human rights, while identifying the similarities and differences between the two constitutions in this regard.