British Orientalism's reading of the Almohad presence in Andalusia (541-668 A.H / 1121-1269 A.D) Montgomery Watt as a model

Abstract

The English orientalist William Montgomery Watt (1909-2006) dealt with the study of the history of Andalusia, especially in his book (On the History of Islamic Spain) in particular and other books in general, seeking to demarcate the structures of the Islamic state. He meant it, but he practiced through it a kind of generalization, even if his attempts seemed simple in interpretation and analysis, despite the presence of a large number of sources and writings that covered a large and wide period of the rule of the Almohads. It was established with the tyranny of his materialistic tendency, with the clear approach he made between this state and the Almoravid state (448-541 A.H/1056-1147 A.D), which is what we are trying to rely on what he wrote to memorize the nature of his writing about this state and the extent of his sympathy or not, as well as to clarify his vision In the context of the search.

The research is divided into three sections; the first topic is about Ibn Tumart and his steps in reaching power with the presence of common denominators between them and the arrival of the Almoravids to power. Diplomacy with the tribes to obtain their support, while the third was talking about the factors of the fall of the Almohad state and the role of the Maliki jurists in the face of the Almohad state since its founding until its collapse, as well as the claim of Mahdism and the impact of this call on the souls of the barbarian tribes, especially during the first phase of the Almohad rule