Philosophy of Science and Methodology in Islamic Sciences: A Foundational Approach

Abstract

The sciences of all kinds are witnessing renewal at the level of thought and methodology، and the humanities، as we see it، are in dire need of a review of their cognitive and methodological structure. With regard to the Sharia sciences، many recent studies have been conducted on the philosophy of religion and the philosophy of jurisprudence. Studies have also been conducted on the approaches to the sciences and their methodological classification. Naturally، there is a difference in the perspectives of the Sharia sciences and the nature of their cognitive outputs، with different goals that include defining their identity، distinguishing them from each other، monitoring the relationships between them، cognitive integration، and mutual influence. All of this contributes - as we see it - to the development of the Sharia sciences. Here، we are in the process of attempting to establish a comprehensive vision for the Sharia sciences as a unified structure with common characteristics. Therefore، this research works to unify visions within a comprehensive framework that undertakes to analyze the elements of Sharia knowledge and attempts to establish initial steps that work to build a unified conception of the nature of the Sharia sciences، through approaches that can be foundational and developable in subsequent studies، based on the results of some research in the philosophy of science، in terms of concepts that seek a clear vision about the nature of the human sciences and their ceilings. Cognitive and development challenges are addressed through an analytical، critical perspective، based relatively on some inductive attempts. The research was not without difficulties at the level of construction، identifying areas of deficiency، and potential for renewal، given the vastness of the religious heritage and the accumulation and overlap of concepts in the religious field.